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Guilford is a unincorporated community located in Howard County in the state of Maryland in the United States of America. The location is named primarily for the Guilford Factory and quarry. Developers of Columbia, The Rouse Company renamed the area Kings Contrivance as one of its seven "villages". Southeastern sections are also known as Savage-Guilford. For United States Census Bureau statistics, it is included within the Census-designated place of Savage-Guilford, Maryland. See also: Savage, Maryland. ==History== The area around Guilford was settled before it was called by the name of its factory. In 1711, the Log Chapel of ease, now called Christ Church Guilford was founded in Northern Guilford on a piece of land surveyed as "New Year's Gift" by Charles Carrol of Carrolton. The first full-time rector was James Magill, who lived at Athol.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/015000/015600/015608/pdf/msa_se5_15608.pdf )〕 The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. Guilford Factory was situated on the northern branch of the Patuxent River, known as the Little Patuxent River. The first industrial settlement of the site occurred in 1750 when slavery was commonplace and Howard County had yet to be formed from Northwestern Anne Arundell County. Charles Alexander Warfield and Elizabeth Ridgley built a joint mill on land patended as "Wincopin Neck". Gristmill operations were underway by 1760.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagser/s1100/s1189/001800/001809/tif/dsl01809-5.jpg )〕 Later owners of the factory included Richard Ridgley. The factories were built along one of Maryland's early "rolling roads" that provided access to the tobacco markets in Annapolis town. By 1792 the site consisted of a gristmill, sawmill, blacksmith and a stable. In 1830 a granitequarry was started. Just north of the quarry, Charles Worthington built a stone home with walls two feet thick named "Moundview" that would stand until 1990 when the South Columbia Baptist Church was built on its site.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/015000/015600/015613/pdf/msa_se5_15613.pdf )〕 Peter Gorman purchased the southern portion of "Wincopian Neck" from Dr. Charles Griffith Worthington, establishing the "Fairview" estate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/015000/015700/015725/pdf/msa_se5_15725.pdf )〕 By 1860, Henry A Penny built a house onsite in 1860 and worked as a hauler, he would become county commissioner in the early 1900s. From 1863 to 1890 when slave labor was unavailable the quarries were mostly stagnant. On December 31, 1874 the Guilford Post office opened and remained in operation until June 30, 1920.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher=Smithsonian National Postal Museum )〕 In 1876, Guilford School opens on Guilford and Oakland Mills roads, and Guilford Colored School opens on land given by Williams, Clark and Rodgers near Guilford and Mission roads. In 1901, the "Maryland Granite Company" purchased the quarry followed by spur line construction between Savage and Guilford in 1902. The steel pratt-truss bridge crossing the little Patuxent built that year remains onsite today. By 1905 Guilford Road was Macadmized with loads being pulled by six-horse teams. During this time, the quarry was now operated by the "Granite Company of Baltimore". A community with two churches and two dozen buildings was formed around the present Guilford and Oakland Mills road intersections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/stagsere/se1/se5/015000/015900/015921/pdf/msa_se5_15921.pdf )〕 The First Baptist Church of Guilford was formed by Reverend Willis Carter in a tennant house and has grown to its fourth new building.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fbcog.org/history.html )〕 By 1908 the large quarry was 100 feet deep producing monument stone and building stone. The smaller quarry to the southeast owned by the Guilford and Watersville Granite company operated from 1887 to 1893. The town joint mill ran as a cotton factory that operated from 1895 to 1916. By 1908 operations ceased at the Guilford Granite and Stone Company Quarry on the western river bank, and the Penny Quarry which was later filled in for an office complex. In February 1928 the B&O discontinued its Patuxent rail spur service downstream to Savage, Maryland. In 1954 the 11 room Guilford Colored School was built and remains in operation as Howard Countys oldest formerly segreated school.〔 From 1963 to 1966, The Rouse Company worked with family members of the County Commissioner to purchase 14,000 acres of Howard county farms using multiple shell companies. The properties around Guilford were bought by Howard Research and Development and 95-32LLC.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Guilford, Maryland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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